Crianças e comunidades que viveram impactos devastadores de sucessivos desastres naturais em Moçambique e no resto da África Austral, terão agora uma melhor chance de se preparar e se proteger contra condições climáticas extremas após o compromisso dos governos de fortalecer e estabelecer novos sistemas de aviso prévio contra desastres, considera a Save the Children.
No final da semana passada, os países da África Austral endossaram a Declaração de Maputo, a qual delineia compromissos amplos, confiáveis, precisos e oportunos na Comunidade de Desenvolvimento da África Austral (SADC) com o fim de melhorar os Sistemas de Aviso Prévio e Resposta Atempada a Desastres.
A África Austral é afectada por eventos climáticos extremos recorrentes com inundações severas, secas, ciclones tropicais e tempestades que têm ceifado milhares de vidas nos últimos tempos, devastando comunidades, disse a Save the Children. As recentes inundações na província de KwaZulu-Natal, na África do Sul, mataram 459 pessoas e deslocaram cerca de sete mil.
No entanto, a falta de sistemas de aviso prévio que funcionem continuamente, colocou a vida de quase 180 milhões de crianças1 em risco aumentado de desastres, à medida que a crise climática global leva a condições climáticas extremas frequentes e desastrosas. Isso representa uma séria ameaça ao desenvolvimento socio-económico da região. Inundações severas, secas, ciclones e tempestades tropicais, ondas de calor e vários outros eventos climáticos extremos prejudicam a população da SADC, especialmente crianças (quase 50% da população da SADC), mulheres, populações deslocadas e pessoas com deficiência.
A Directora Geral da Save the Children em Moçambique, Brechtje van Lith, disse: “Congratulamo-nos com a Reunião Ministerial da África Austral sobre a Iniciativa do Sistema Integrado de Aviso Prévio e Resposta Atempada, que fornece um roteiro claro sobre o que precisa ser feito para reduzir os impactos das adversidades climáticas sobre as pessoas vulneráveis, particularmente crianças, mulheres e pessoas deslocadas, através de um apelo à colaboração contínua entre a SADC e os seus membros. Os eventos climáticos na África Austral, que se tornaram mais frequentes e intensos, com impactos devastadores, como a perda de vidas e danos aos meios de subsistência, agricultura e segurança alimentar, assentamentos humanos, ecossistemas, são uma grande preocupação e devem ser abordados com urgência.”
“A actual geração de crianças nasceu no meio de uma crise climática. A mudança climática é uma das maiores ameaças à sobrevivência, aprendizagem e protecção das crianças, tanto globalmente quanto na região da África Austral. E, embora as crianças tenham contribuído menos para a mudança climática, são elas que sofrem a maior parte dos seus impactos. Este é, em particular, o caso daqueles que vivem na pobreza e precisam de protecção social. Moçambique e outros países da região estão entre os países mais vulneráveis do mundo às mudanças climáticas, por isso devemos agir agora.”
A Save the Children está totalmente alinhada com os princípios da Declaração de Maputo de unir esforços para a adaptação climática para minimizar os danos aos seres humanos, mas não será possível conseguir grandes avanços se os fundos não forem canalizados para as pessoas que mais precisam de apoio. Os últimos eventos meteorológicos na SADC mostram claramente o impacto das alterações climáticas na região. Do ciclone Idai em 2019 aos repetidos eventos climáticos extremos em 2022, estamos todos chocados. Enquanto isso, as regiões do interior da SADC enfrentam secas extremas e não se pode apenas esperar e assistir. O tempo para salvar vidas está a esgotar-se.”
A Save the Children tem desempenhado um papel crítico na garantia da inclusão e priorização das crianças como uma população específica em risco no Sistema de Aviso Prévio na SADC.
Estamos comprometidos em garantir que os esforços de adaptação às mudanças climáticas e redução de riscos sejam conduzidos pela comunidade e centrados na criança, e que as crianças sejam capacitadas a assumir papéis em torno de acções e debates climáticos. Em parceria com o governo e parceiros locais, apoiamos o estabelecimento de clubes ambientais em escolas e comunidades, ajudando as crianças a entender as principais questões relacionadas às mudanças climáticas para que possam desenvolver planos práticos de acção local. De forma mais ampla, apoiamos as crianças para que elevem suas vozes, façam parte da solução e influenciem as decisões de líderes e influenciadores de políticas a nível local, nacional e internacional.
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