A cada dia que passa, mais e mais pessoas têm se lançado ao mundo dos negócios, criando e recriando ideias inovadoras e desenvolvendo produtos ou serviços. A maior parte destas pessoas quer se tornar empreendedor, almejando ter o próprio negócio. Arlindo Macheque é uma destas pessoas. Hoje com 40 anos de idade, ele decidiu aventurar-se no mundo do empreendedorismo, produzindo briquetes de carvão vegetal. Apesar dos percalços com que se tem deparado ao longo da sua caminhada, Arlindo não desiste e mantém-se firme na busca dos seus sonhos.
Matéria-prima vem de desperdícios
O briquete de carvão vegetal produzido por Arlindo é uma espécie de carvão melhorado, ou reciclado, cuja principal matéria-prima são pequenas partículas do carvão vegetal, desperdícios que normalmente restam no fundo dos sacos de carvão.
O jovem empreendedor explica que o processo de produção de briquetes de carvão vegetal é simples: “Pegamos essas partículas, esmagamo-las para torná-las mais finas, misturamos com uma cola feita de farinha de trigo e com água e deixamos a secar naturalmente”, explica o jovem empreendedor. “O carvão é exposto ao sol e vento para secar. Nos dias chuvosos ou em que o céu está nublado, a secagem é lenta, mas quando o Sol é intenso, o processo dura dois dias”, acrescenta.
A ideia de produzir briquetes de carvão vegetal surge, segundo conta Arlindo, quando em 2018 viu um anúncio publicado num jornal no qual alguém fazia briquetes de carvão vegetal: “Tentei me aproximar para ver se podíamos trabalhar juntos e a pessoa não manifestou interesse”, recorda. Não se dando por vencido, Arlindo começou a investigar por conta própria tendo recorrido a vídeos no Youtube e manuais de autores brasileiros, quenianos e chineses que já estão muito avançados nesta matéria. Feita a investigação, concluiu que poderia fabricar o carvão do seu jeito e criar o seu próprio produto.
“Nas pesquisas que fiz, todas mostravam um processo comum de produção de briquetes de carvão, que é o corte da lenha, carbonização, entre várias outras etapas. Mas notei que temos aqui tanto desperdício de carvão que vai ao lixo, e vi que me poderia ser útil. Analisei também vários tipos de cola para o processo e concluí que poderia usar a farinha de trigo. Portanto, já tinha a matéria-prima completa, a baixo custo”, referiu.
Arlindo conta que os primeiros briquetes por ele produzidos foram usados na sua própria casa, a título de teste, e o resultado foi satisfatório, entretanto, por motivos profissionais, teve que parar com o processo de produção dos briquetes ainda em 2018, tendo retomado há quase quatro meses.
Preço simbólico para adquirir
O jovem tem adquirido as partículas de carvão vegetal em grandes estaleiros de carvão e mercados das cidades de Maputo e Matola, a um preço simbólico.
“Na minha pesquisa por locais onde pudesse encontrar as partículas de carvão, descobri que até então, os vendedores de carvão não tinham nenhuma utilidade para aquelas partículas, e passei a comprar, mesmo para valorizar o produto pois antes, eles enchiam sacos com o desperdício e pagavam um ‘txova’ para transportar até e lixeira. A partir do momento que comecei a comprar o produto, para além de poupar o valor para transportar, estes vendedores passaram a ganhar mais com a venda do desperdício”, avançou.
Distância determina o preço
Relativamente ao preço de venda dos briquetes, Arlindo Macheque explica que, inicialmente, uma caixa de quatro quilogramas de briquetes de carvão vegetal era vendida a 100 meticais. No entanto, por questões de distância, uma vez que a sua fábrica se localiza em Michafutene e os seus potenciais clientes são maioritariamente das cidades de Maputo e Matola, e preferem que o produto seja entregue ao domicílio, actualmente, a mesma quantidade de carvão sai a 120 meticais, incluindo o transporte.
Por forma a acrescentar valor e dar credibilidade ao seu produto, o jovem empreendedor está neste momento à procura de uma empresa que possa conceber uma embalagem adequada para briquetes de carvão, visto que a que usa actualmente, de forma provisória, não é apropriada.
“A aquisição da nova embalagem irá levar ao aumento do preço do carvão, devido aos custos que isso acarreta. Visitei alguns supermercados que vendem briquetes de carvão importados da vizinha África do Sul e constatei que cinco quilos de carvão custam cerca de 500 meticais. Estou ciente que a qualidade pode não ser a mesma, mas em termos de valor e benefício para o usuário é exactamente a mesma coisa”, argumenta.
As visitas de Arlindo Macheque aos supermercados servem igualmente para criar parcerias no sentido de expor o seu produto nesses estabelecimentos comerciais. “Já contactei um supermercado que neste momento está a analisar a proposta. Mas pretendo visitar mais supermercados, pois é preciso colocar o produto onde passam os potenciais clientes, que são das classes média e alta, portanto, nos supermercados e lojas de conveniência e para tal é preciso ter uma embalagem apropriada e chamativa”.
Criou a sua própria máquina de briquetagem
O processo de produção de briquetes usado por Arlindo é manual, entretanto, existem máquinas de briquetagem, mas ainda não estão disponíveis em Moçambique. Movido pela força de vontade e usando a criatividade, Arlindo criou o seu próprio equipamento de produção que modela os briquetes, tornando-os no formato padrão.
“Comecei por criar um equipamento plástico, mas devido à fraca resistência deste material, passei a usar o metal e procurar melhorá-lo e requalificá-lo a cada dia, de modo a aumentar a produção dos briquetes”, explicou.
O jovem conta que chegou a cogitar a possibilidade de importar a máquina da China, mas era um sonho pois o preço estava aquém das suas capacidades. “Em 2018 fui contactado por várias instituições, como é o caso do Fundo Nacional do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (FNDS), o IPEME e outras, no sentido de apoiar o meu projecto. Algumas delas orientaram-me a submeter um projecto no qual solicitava uma máquina de briquetagem, mas infelizmente, até então não houve resposta”.
Marketing digital para promover o produto
Questionado sobre como decorrem as vendas, Arlindo afirma que as vendas por si não constituem o problema, mas precisa adoptar uma boa estratégia de venda. “Já tentei vender em alguns pontos da cidade, mas não deu certo por isso, recentemente, optei pelas redes sociais como o WhatsApp, o Facebook e o Instagram e tenho tido sucesso”.
Apaixonado por energias renováveis, Arlindo sonha em comprar a melhor máquina de briquetagem e outra máquina para mover as partículas de carvão e fazer parte do grupo de agentes de energias renováveis a nível internacional. E deixa um conselho: “Todos podemos fazer a diferença, desde que acreditemos em nós mesmos. Todos temos um potencial, às vezes falta-nos foco. O emprego tradicional já não existe, cada um deve criar o seu próprio emprego. É preciso pensar diferente e criar coisas novas”.
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